Original Drawings of Cells from the late 1600's and the early 1700's
The intrinsic global polarity of cells is already implicit in the earliest microscopic drawings.
(a) Robert Hooke's original drawing of cork cells from 1665 (bottom right: inset magnification shows varying cell geometries).
(b–e) Various microscopy cell drawings from Antoni van Leeuwenhoek:
(b) ‘animalcula’—possibly bacteria—from van Leeuwenhoek's teeth, 1693;
(c) red blood cells from fish with labelled nuclei, 1682;
(d) dry epithelial cells from van Leeuwenhoek's foot callus, 1722–1723;
(e) dog (four rightmost) and rabbit (four leftmost) spermatozoa, 1677–1678.
Adapted from [1–5]. All images © the Royal Society. High resolution scans of (a) and (c) courtesy of Joanna Hopkins, Picture Curator, the Royal Society.
(a) Robert Hooke's original drawing of cork cells from 1665 (bottom right: inset magnification shows varying cell geometries).
(b–e) Various microscopy cell drawings from Antoni van Leeuwenhoek:
(b) ‘animalcula’—possibly bacteria—from van Leeuwenhoek's teeth, 1693;
(c) red blood cells from fish with labelled nuclei, 1682;
(d) dry epithelial cells from van Leeuwenhoek's foot callus, 1722–1723;
(e) dog (four rightmost) and rabbit (four leftmost) spermatozoa, 1677–1678.
Adapted from [1–5]. All images © the Royal Society. High resolution scans of (a) and (c) courtesy of Joanna Hopkins, Picture Curator, the Royal Society.
Agapanthus plants
Agapanthus leaf epidermis
Identify the epidermal cells. Identify the guard cells and the stoma between them.
- Describe the arrangement of the epidermal cells and the guard cells.
- Describe the epidermal cells.
- Explain the function of the leaf epidermis cells.
- Describe the guard cells.
- Explain the function of the guard cels.
The Cell Theory
The cell theory states that all living things are composed of one or more cells and that all cells come from pre-existing cells. Over many years, the cell theory has been added to and refined by scientists.
Leeuwenhoek's Lucky Break
How a Dutch fabric-maker became the father of microbiology.
Cell Types
Two models of a typical Plant cell from the leaf
Two models of a typical animal cell
Three models of a typical Fungus cell -yeast cells budding