A food chain in action! Energy flows and matter cycles.
Basil, caterpillar, praying mantis.
Classify these foods into the Macronutrient Groups
Classify the foods into those containing Carbohydrates, Lipids, Protein and Nucleic Acids.
Classify the Carbohydrates as either sugars or starches.
Classify the Carbohydrates as either sugars or starches.
Three macro-nutrients that are built by plants are starch, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids
These all contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen bonded together. Proteins and nucleic acids also contain the element nitrogen.
These three macro-nutrients are are built of simpler sub-unit molecules.
Heterotrophs eat food containing these large nutrient molecules and must break them down into the simpler sub-units so that they are small enough to be absorbed from the intestines into the circulatory system.
These all contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen bonded together. Proteins and nucleic acids also contain the element nitrogen.
These three macro-nutrients are are built of simpler sub-unit molecules.
Heterotrophs eat food containing these large nutrient molecules and must break them down into the simpler sub-units so that they are small enough to be absorbed from the intestines into the circulatory system.
This site should link to the Australian Government Nutrition Guidelines bit at the time of publishing this website there was an error. Try the USA Choose MyPlate site...
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Identify the atoms in the macronutrient molecules.
A slide show
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Simple molecules from the environment
In 1874, J. H. van 't Hoff (1901 Nobel Prize in Chemistry) was the first to suggest that molecules have a three-dimensional structure. He used this idea to explain several previously puzzling facts about chemical compounds.
In this lab, we will use the molecular model kits to model the 3D structure of a number of molecules. After building the molecular models, you will draw them on paper in a manner intended to represent the 3D appearance. You will also draw the structural formula for the molecules.
In this lab, we will use the molecular model kits to model the 3D structure of a number of molecules. After building the molecular models, you will draw them on paper in a manner intended to represent the 3D appearance. You will also draw the structural formula for the molecules.
Ball and stick models.
The spheres represent atoms. The black carbon, the red oxygen, the white hydrogen and the blue nitrogen.
The spheres represent atoms. The black carbon, the red oxygen, the white hydrogen and the blue nitrogen.
From these simple molecules plants use the energy from the sun and build complex macro-nurtrients like carbohydrates and proteins.
Carbohydrates
Glucose is the building block of starch.
Amino acids are the building blocks of Proteins.
Amino acid called Glycine
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Protein
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How do organisms use energy and simple molecules to form complex organic molecules?
Simple molecules form the atmosphere, hydroshphere and lithosphere are built into complex protein molecules.
How do organisms use complex organic molecules to release energy for the organism?
Aerobic Respiration - Booklet 2 Answers
Modelling the chemical reaction of Aerobic Cellular Respiration.
The black spheres represent carbon, the red oxygen and the white hydrogen.
1. Using the model glucose molecule and the model oxygen molecules break them down into carbon dioxide molecules and water molecules.
a) Draw the reaction in the space below.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -à 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + chemical energy
b) Write the word equation for aerobic cellular respiration. Show the energy involved in this reaction.
glucose + oxygen ---> carbon dioxide + water + chemical energy
c) Write the balanced chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration. Show the energy involved in this reaction.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -à 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + chemical energy
2. Explain what the term aerobic cellular respiration means.
Respiration occurs in the cells of organisms that have the organelles mitochondria.
This term means "respiration with dissolved oxygen"
3. Research aerobic cellular respiration. Questions to answer are;
In what organisms does aerobic cellular respiration occur? All organisms, except yeast and some bacteria
Where does aerobic cellular respiration occur? In mitochondria of cells.
What is the purpose of aerobic cellular respiration? release the chemical energy in glucose
What other materials are required for aerobic cellular respiration to occur? dissolved oxygen gas
Modelling the chemical reaction of Aerobic Cellular Respiration.
The black spheres represent carbon, the red oxygen and the white hydrogen.
1. Using the model glucose molecule and the model oxygen molecules break them down into carbon dioxide molecules and water molecules.
a) Draw the reaction in the space below.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -à 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + chemical energy
b) Write the word equation for aerobic cellular respiration. Show the energy involved in this reaction.
glucose + oxygen ---> carbon dioxide + water + chemical energy
c) Write the balanced chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration. Show the energy involved in this reaction.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -à 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + chemical energy
2. Explain what the term aerobic cellular respiration means.
Respiration occurs in the cells of organisms that have the organelles mitochondria.
This term means "respiration with dissolved oxygen"
3. Research aerobic cellular respiration. Questions to answer are;
In what organisms does aerobic cellular respiration occur? All organisms, except yeast and some bacteria
Where does aerobic cellular respiration occur? In mitochondria of cells.
What is the purpose of aerobic cellular respiration? release the chemical energy in glucose
What other materials are required for aerobic cellular respiration to occur? dissolved oxygen gas
Anaerobic cellular respiration - Booklet 2 Answers
4. Our cells still require energy to function, even when oxygen is in limited supply. Under what conditions could our cells be lacking in oxygen?
__During exercise energy is needed to drive muscles.
respiration cannot happen fast enough because oxygen can not get to cells fast enough
Cells then carry out anaerobic respiration
5. When this happens the cells make wastes other than carbon dioxide and water.
4. Our cells still require energy to function, even when oxygen is in limited supply. Under what conditions could our cells be lacking in oxygen?
__During exercise energy is needed to drive muscles.
respiration cannot happen fast enough because oxygen can not get to cells fast enough
Cells then carry out anaerobic respiration
5. When this happens the cells make wastes other than carbon dioxide and water.
- Write the equation for anaerobic respiration in humans.
- Make the models if you have time.
- Write the names of the materials beneath the models in the figure below.
6. Write the word equation for anaerobic cellular respiration. Show the energy involved in this reaction.
glucose ---> pyruvate + energy
7. Write the balanced chemical equation for anaerobic cellular respiration. Show the energy involved in this reaction.
C6H12O6 ---> C3 H6 O3 + energy
glucose ---> pyruvate + energy
7. Write the balanced chemical equation for anaerobic cellular respiration. Show the energy involved in this reaction.
C6H12O6 ---> C3 H6 O3 + energy
How do organisms use organic molecules to build cells?
Some other Biochemical Reactions.
Synthesising proteins
Proteins are important structural molecules in bodies. They contain the elements
carbon , hydrogen , oxygen and nitrogen.
Synthesising proteins
Proteins are important structural molecules in bodies. They contain the elements
carbon , hydrogen , oxygen and nitrogen.
- Make a molecular model of nitrogen gas, N2. Draw the molecule, both as a drawing of the model and a chemical structure. Show the atoms and the bonds within the molecule.
Nitrogen gas cannot be used by plants and animals to make proteins. A clue as to why this is so is in the number of bonds holding the two atoms together. Describe the bonds between nitrogen atoms and explain why nitrogen molecules are difficult to pull apart.
Nitrogen molecules are made of two nitrogen atoms with a triple bond. These bonds need a lot of energy to pull the atoms apart to make new molecules.
This means that nitrogen gas is very unreactive.
Some organisms have evolved to break these bonds and so help nitrogen move through the food chain so that plants and animals may build proteins…
Nitrogen molecules are made of two nitrogen atoms with a triple bond. These bonds need a lot of energy to pull the atoms apart to make new molecules.
This means that nitrogen gas is very unreactive.
Some organisms have evolved to break these bonds and so help nitrogen move through the food chain so that plants and animals may build proteins…